The Impact Of History And Counseling Theories - 1046 Words

The Impact of History and Counseling Theories We are in a time where countless individuals are under extreme forms of stress, etc. The National Alliance on Mental Health cites nearly Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the U.S., or 43.8 million, experiences mental illness in each year. Minority growth is increasing at a rapid pace in the United States. There is a growing need for culturally competent, sensitive therapists can interact with various diverse ethnic groups, LGBTQ, and the disabled. Unfortunately, understanding culture and being sensitive to the issues of that culture is often challenging for a counselor. Self-awareness is a critical component to being able to help minority clients. This paper will discuss the impact of history†¦show more content†¦There is an ongoing need culturally competent counselor, therapist, and psychologists. The American Counseling Association realized the need to revise their guidelines to incorporate cultural diversity. Another benefit is that there is now ongoing dialogue about cultural diversity within the mental health field. There is recognition that there is a need for diversity of professionals in the mental health field. This is a positive sign. Though we have a long way to go, it is an encouraging start. African-Americans and the Avoidance of Psychotherapy Historically, and currently the African American culture tends to avoid consent. There is a plethora of reasons for the apprehensions of psychotherapy. There are many stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness and health that African Americans believe (Thompson,2004). There is a stigma, judgment, costs, as well as taboo regarding mental health. Often, it is assumed that their spirituality and family will carry them through their issues they are dealing with. As an African American female with my own frame of reference with racism, I can understand the apprehensions when it comes to the mental health profession. Realizing that not all Caucasian counselors / therapists are prejudiced, I do believe that many of them are not culturally sensitive to the plight of African Americans. A class or two will not address all the issues within the African American communities. It goes far beyond that. A culturally competentShow MoreRelatedHow Counseling Is Impacted The Well Being Of Cultural Diverse Populations By Increasing Growth1099 Words   |  5 PagesCounseling has impacted the well-being of cultural diverse populations by increasing growth in ethnical and minority groups. Cultural diverse has influence counselors to work together as one, empower skills to meet the challenges and demands of diverse client groups (Hays, 2016). Counselors utilize interventions focused on client’s needs to assess cultural concerns. 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Environmental Concerns In India Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The importance of environment has been recognized in India since long. This is besides reflected in our fundamental law where in it is stated that it shall be the responsibility of every citizen to protect and better the natural environment including forest, lakes, rivers, wild life and to hold compassion for all life animals. Harmonizing to national policy of instruction, † there is a paramount demand to make a consciousness of environment it must pervade all ages and all subdivisions of the society, get downing with the kid, environmental consciousness shold inform instruction in schools and colleges. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Concerns In India Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This aspect be integrated in full educational procedure † . 2. Electrical engineering in India has percolated to all facets of instruction including primary, secondary and third instruction through formal and informal systems of instruction. It has the mark population that include pupils, instructors, physicians, applied scientists and even common people. 3. in India there is a broad web of EE. There are 10 universities which teach environmental scientific disciplines. University instruction has three major constituents, viz. instruction, research and extension. A assortment of attacks have been used for EE which include legislative attempts, course of study based attack that goes with formal system and informal attacks through cantonments, seminars and mass media. Role Of Media In Creating Environmental Awareness 4. Mass media with its range and influential capacity extremely possible instrument for educating the populace and thereby alter the people ‘s mentality. The 4th basic demand of human existences seriously performs these three of import maps information, instruction and persuasion. Armed with its alone power to make an countless figure of audiences at the same instant film editing across geographical barriers there is no other system like it which can successfully perforate the grass roots degree of society. 5. Media Literacy. Mass media has the power to transform the lives of people by authorising them in so many diverse ways. Information and cognition from a assortment of beginnings work towards this terminal. And it should play this function to the optimum. This farther entails ‘media instruction ‘ on a big graduated table which needs to turn to aspect like- how to understand the medium, appreciate it, its strengths and failings, who controls it what is the doctrine, policy of the medium, how to sift good from bad, how to take part in the media etc. This is because the demand for understanding the medium has ne’er been so of import. In such a scenario it plays the function of a ‘great Jesus ‘ as it provides a platform for mass instruction, amusement and thereby persuasion. In fact it can besides be termed as an ‘informal university ‘ for any society for its function in steering messages of importance to the multitudes. 6. The Big Challenge. Now the most of import inquiry is how to turn to such a large population for making environmental consciousness amongst them. This is where the public-service corporation of the mass media comes in ready to hand for the large challenge. Bing a mass communicating academic and with experiences in print every bit good as electronic media ( Radio News Services to be precise ) we would wish to restrict ourselves within the parametric quantities of mass media instead than traveling into the proficient inside informations of the subject under treatment. 7. Media Concern about the cause. Now, have we taken any effectual and practical stairss for using such a extremely possible vehicle with its built-in ability to make the multitudes with messages of environmental consciousness in a convenient mode. The reply will be negative. Of class, some attempts are decidedly at that place but they are barely sufficient in position of the outrageousness of the job. 8. In print media most of the newspapers, diaries or magazines barely devote any serous through towards this facet and whatever is there is given in an inexpert manner. Further as about half of the population is illiterate the print media has its ain restriction. Again, like overseas telegram Television, print media in our state is till day of the month more of an urban and semi urban phenomenon instead than convey a rural 1. This explains the other restriction of the medium as an effectual mass medium. 9. Radio: The Right Vehicle. But the medium on which we can bank upon for making environmental consciousness at nowadays is Radio. This true mass medium ignored by people to a large extent has an huge potency to play the function of being a accelerator in efficaciously making environmental consciousness among the people. Let us analyse the ways and means how this can be possible. A really important recent development in the Indian Radio has been the displacement towards using the immense range of Community Radio ( CR ) . The thought is to make the multitudes and consequence a definite alteration in their batch thrown unfastened by this new phenomenon. 10. The CR construct is about â€Å" making something for its ain benefit by the community † . Owning every bit good as commanding its ain agencies of mass communicating is a premier factor in this procedure. The purposes and aims of the CR channels include saving of their civilization and linguistic communications, make such communicating available to the members of the community and the people desired to be affected by it, launch promotion or consciousness making runs for the benefit of the community and the populace at big. So, what else can be a more utile tool the CR construct for accomplishing our intent. 11. By the way, the aim of the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting ( MIB ) is to promote front line establishment of higher instruction in different Fieldss for get downing such channels and take up the cause of promotion of the local community. They are besides expected to place and analyse the local issues, job and hunt for possible solutions. So, environmental consciousness can be one of the premier dockets for them. As educational establishments are being encouraged by the MIB for puting up such Stationss this would besides function the intent of planing seamster made message and plans associating to environmental protection for the community. Bing an ideal participatory medium this would heighten the consequence besides higher grade. The MIB visualizes publishing licence to about 1000 such establishments which is a good mark for us. 12. FM Phenomenon. The FM manner of Radio transmittal is going in the thing today. It is a much preferred medium by the multitudes due to its better voice quality and stereo like response Get downing with a few station in 1993 by leting private FM station, late the MIB floated for auctioning 336 FM Stationss al over the state. Out of these, Approximately hundred are set aside for Indira Gandhi National Open University ‘s ( IGNOU ) Gyan Vani programme and other educational establishments. The Gyan Vaniprogramme is an attempt of IGNOU for spreadingits educational programmes throughout the state with a web of about 100 Stationss in the close hereafter. We believe these should be ideal vehicles for taking the messages of environmental concerns to the multitudes in the existent sense of the term. 13. Lacunae. We have talked about using the huge potency of mass media for spread outing the cause of environmental concerns. In this connexion there is an express demand for integrating the topic in the course of study of classs of survey in Journalism and Mass Communication in the universities. Like we have said earlier, this facet has besides non received the attending it should hold been given really, for covering with the distressing state of affairs. Of class. Quite a few universities might be holding specialisations in the topic as portion of their classs of mass communicating. But most of the other such establishments barely have anything like that. But we do steadfastly believe that unless this facet is made a portion of the general class course of study, our intent would non be solved at all. This is a premier necessity for accomplishing entire literacy in the field of environmental consciousness. At the same clip it should besides be kept in head that there can be no alter nate than utilizing the mass media vehicles for distributing consciousness about environmental issues. This is because this manner of communicating gives us a convenient tool for turn toing the on a big graduated table which no other system can present. Stairss Which Have Been Taken By The Govt 14. Depletion of the ozone bed, â€Å" the increasing species extinction, disposal of toxic and atomic wastes in the vulnerable countries of the planet, the ‘loss of woods and of cultivable dirt at an dismaying rate are a few of the many planetary environmental alteration that will impact the endurance of the present and future coevals † As it has been said, we do non inherit the environment from our sires, we borrow it from future coevalss. Each person ‘s life today depends on the public presentation of many other persons. For illustration, sloppiness in welding or in care in a atomic reactor or chemical works could kill 1000s and 100s of 1000 of people non merely in the works and its locality but even at a considerable distance off from it. Similarly a truck driver or a rail, route applied scientist could do aggregate deceases and environmental devastation through sloppiness while transporting unsafe wastes from chemical workss or a atomic reactor. The opportunit y of serious accidents that could pass over our homo, animate being and works life and destruct the environment have steadily increased. An pressing demand for collaborative action on a planetary degree has long been felt. 15. In 1972, representatives of 113 World Governments assembled in Stockholm to take part in the United Nations Conference on Human Environment. The Stockholm conference proclaimed that: â€Å" The protection and betterment of human environment is a major issue which affect the wellbeing of people and economic development throughout the universe and it is the responsibility of all authorities and people to exercise common attempt for the saving and betterment of human environment for the benefit of all people and their descendants † . 16. Many states have hence introduced control mechanisms to discourage and penalize the endeavors go againsting the environment. They have enacted particular condemnable Torahs or amended their penal codifications by making new condemnable Torahs in order to prosecute the most crying wrongdoers through the condemnable prosecution system. The Nipponese jurisprudence for the penalty of offenses associating to environmental pollution was the first such measure. Penal codifications of the Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic ( as it so was ) Hungary, Portugal, Spain and Brazil, shortly followed. States that do non lawfully distinguish between regulative offenses and offenses, such as Canada and the United States, have created new ordinances related to offenses covering with crying misdemeanor and provided stiff penalty with mulcts and prison sentence to lawbreakers. 17. India was the first state to enforce a fundamental law duty on the State and citizens to protect and better the environment as one of the primary responsibilities. Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution provides: â€Å" The province shall endeavour to protect and better the environment and to safeguard wood and wildlife of the state. † 18. Article 51-A provides: â€Å" It shall be the responsibility of every citizen of Indian to protect and better the natural environment including woods lakes, rivers and wildlife and to hold compassion for life animals. † 19. Thus the Constitution of Indian has proviso to do environment statute laws, province and the coincident lists of topics on which Parliament and State Legislature are empowered to pass noise control, land betterment, irrigation, town planning, slum clearance, lodging strategies, pest control, smoke control, H2O pollution, woods, wildlife, diversion etc. Consequently, Torahs have been enacted on some of the topic, The Factories Act.1948. The Insecticides Act,1968. The Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974. The air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) 1981. The Forest ( Conservation ) Act,1980. The Wildlife ( Protection ) Act, 1972. The Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986. 20. Environmental Torahs trade with the job of pollution by a set of regulations under civil wrong jurisprudence as nuisance, carelessness and liability. If you are affected by toxicant exhausts coming from a adjacent industrial unit, or if you are invariably bothered by intolerable noise in the vicinity, or makes your life mineable, interferes with your leisure activities, or makes your life suffering, for case, by maintaining things or animate being in this courtyard which give out errant neighbour wage for his violative behavior, under the civil wrong jurisprudence of nuisance. The tribunal, of class will make a spot of reconciliation of involvements ; see the legality or other wise of the action and the sensible and unreasonable impact on the victim before publishing an injunction followed by the award of amendss. 21. Under the Indian Penal Code ( IPC ) , which codifies the common jurisprudence construct of carelessness, if person commits an act or skip which cause to injury anther the first individual is considered guilty of an improper and negligent act. Pollution of H2O of public spring or a public spring reservoir as to render it unfit for human ingestion is made a condemnable offense under Section 277 of the IPC. Negligent behavior with regard to toxicant substances jeopardizing human life of likely to do hurt is a condemnable offense under subdivision 284. The Union Carbide of Indian could hold been held guilty under this subdivision for doing the Bhopal gas These and other subdivision under the IPC and the Criminal Procedure Code contain a figure of commissariats that could be used to battle pollution of land and air. 22. Most of the components of the environment, like land H2O, forest, etc. are under the horizon of the provinces. For a assortment of grounds, chiefly the provinces are non normally in a place to take effectual action against pollution, or in advancing environmentally sound direction schemes for preservation and development of these resources. It has therefore become necessary for the Union Government to step in when the said resource are threatened with serious depletion. The province of H2O pollution and forest resource depletion and pollution of the air in Indian is such that the Union Government had to originate a series of steps to collar the harm done to these resource two commissariats in the Constitution came ready to hand to the Union for this intent. The first commissariats is Article 242 under which the Union is empowered to go through statute law on affairs mentioned in the province list if so requested by two or more provinces. The Union Government utilized the commissa riats to go through assorted Acts in order to protect the population, present every bit good as the hereafter coevalss, and the environment from what appears to be grim move towards suicide. The Environment ( Protection ) Act 22. The Environment ( protection ) Act was passed by the Parliament on 23rd May 1986. The Act refers to the Stockholm Conference of 1972 and is based on Article 253 of the Conference. By virtuousness of this Act, the Union Government has armed itself with considerable powers deemed necessary for the bar, control and suspension of environment of environmental pollution The power include, coordination of action by provinces be aftering and executing of countrywide programmes, puting down environmental quality criterions specially those regulating emanation or discharge of environmental pollutants, puting restrictionries and the location of industries and so on. The powers claimed are so comprehension of environmental accidents, research review of fouling units, constitution of research labs, airing of information, etc. A whole set of administrative processs and stuctures are envisaged under the act. If implemented in missive and spirit the act will change over the Ministry of Environme nt and Forests into a ace ministry commanding the full gamut of industrial and other developmental activities. A fearful attitude in the enforcement of this Act could take merely to environmental window-dressing of Acts passed by the Government. Drawbacks in Environmental Legislation 23. Legislation is frequently non perfect. There are assorted drawbacks in the Acts enacted in relation to environment. Forest constitute a critical resource of the state. It is a scientifically established fact that the forest screens should be at least 1/3 of the land country for a healthy provinces of environment. Vegetation generates O. Trees hold the dirt together and in Indian the woods provide support to 1000000s of tribal and villagers populating in and around woods. Experts and the mass media have brought to the attending of the decision-makers and the populace at big, the fact that the forest screen of the state has been quickly shriveling. Some estimations put the per centum coverage at non more than 12 per cent of the land country. Fuel starved villagers, greedy forest contractors and corrupt functionaries are the proved perpetrators. 24. Some clip back, the Government came up with a well significance but potentially Draconian Forest Bill. There was virtually uproar against the Bill.-principally on two evidences. One, That the Bill would do felons of all tribal life in and off the woods, because it prohibits the pickings of all the green goods, including foliages and fruits from the woods. Two the proposed Bill converted forest officer into Judgess and executioners at the same clip. The measure failed to pull public support because it adopted an oppressive colonial theoretical account of jurisprudence. 25. Troubles in Enforcement of Environmental Legislation. Besides holding legislative activity the province of the environment in India continues to be glooming. The rivers and the lakes continue to be choked with sewerage and industrial waste. The air quality in same major metropoliss has gained the doubtful differentiation of being worse than that of the American metropoliss like Chicago and New York. Forest continue to vanish, and the attendant loss of dirt has led to the flagellum of inundations with disgusting regularity. What can the state do to change by reversal the procedure and reconstruct a balanced province of the environment? 26. There is nil basically incorrect with out-of-court colony of environmental differences. In fact, in same developed states like the United States, a penchant is shown towards such a process. But in India, officially initiate and sanctioned out of tribunal colony may worsen the perennial job of corruptness. Sharing the costs of anti-pollution steps taken by the industry seems to be better scheme than state-sponsored expensive and drawn-out prosecutions. 27. The educational establishments should play an of import function in eliciting civic consciousness for suspension of environmental pollution by guaranting that every citizen is knowing plenty about the environment to take an intelligent involvement in pollution jobs. For this EE should be made an indispensable portion of the course of study in educational system. Research workers should be encouraged and sponsored by the educational establishments and the authorities. Particularly, in the field of Adult Education, an of import topographic point must be given to the environmental issues. Man himself due to the deficiency of cognition or carelessness creates environmental job. EE should be a portion of grownup instruction to unwrap the planetary job to the populace, and aid to protect his environment. Hence, the present survey was undertaken to happen out the extent of cognition possessed by the rural grownups in environmental facets like air pollution, H2O due to dikes and mines, l and pollution, energy crisis, afforestation, pollution environmental sanitation, nutrient issues and environmental statute law and to happen out their attributed demand for educating themselves in the facets associating to environmental issues Chapter VI: Consequence OF RECOMMENDED MEASURES ON THE DEVELOPMENT INDEX 1. In the old chapters we have seen how over development and over ingestion has resulted in debasement of environment which has adversely affected the rate of economic development. It is observed that fouling the planet has been a profitable concern to transnational corporations. Harmonizing to a recent WWF study, if we maintain the current degree of ingestion, the Earth resources will be exhausted within coming 50 old ages. From the undermentioned projections we can hold a just thought sing the growing of international trade after constitution of the World Trade Organization. The aim is to research the impact of WTO on environment and to happen the roots of the environmental consciousness and its related accounting, scrutinizing and application countries. There is a turning concern that an economic growing scheme which seeks to be both inclusive and sustainable should incorporate clime alteration effects in order to guarantee that the long term effects of the eco development are non damaging to human good being. 2. The govt has taken assorted steps and stairss to rid of the losingss to our natural resources but they have been found to be unequal. There is ample range for research and development which focuses on the precedences of the Indian economic system. Since instruction is a tool no plan can be a success without taking certain stairss in the field of instruction. Though the same has been done by the govt but there is still a batch to be done every bit far as including EE into the formal construction of our instruction. 3. In this chapter we shall see the effects of these stairss on the consuming natural resources. As the stairss taken by Indian Govt are at a nascent phase their impacts are besides non much visible, nevertheless universe over has identified this job and more outstanding steps are being taken. An accounting system has been made by the UN to cipher assorted things i.e. natural resource plus history etc. During the last decennary few enchiridions and a package were developed by the UN which assisted in ciphering the inauspicious affects of a peculiar industry or house on the environmental debasement. This is known as green accounting based on which licences are being given to new workss. 4. Requirement of Green Accounting and Audit. The Environmental Management System ( EMS ) calls for acceptance of certain mechanism, i.e. , budgeting, investing assessment, bing, duty accounting, public presentation assessment and green coverage. There has been a turning consciousness to include environmental histories with the fiscal statements. Guidelines in different signifiers are given in BS 7750. EMAS and ISO 14000 series of criterions Uniformity is absolutely needed in Environmental Accounting Mechanism that may be followed by every state of this Global Village. It is observed that SEEA can supply the slightly common model both for developing and developed states. It is really hard to maintain path with the outgo for environmental protection activities as the production procedure or techniques are invariably altering to maintain being in the cutthroat completion of the boundary-less concern universe. 5. The Green Accounting has got some definite stairss to travel through which may be arranged as follows: Formation of multidisciplinary squad to place range and graduated table of the green accounting. Designation of green costs. Quantification of green costs. Allotment of green costs to the cost centres. Incorporation of green costs on cost accounting system. Execution of green cost auditing system. 6. Designation and tracking green costs may non be found as an easy undertaking to make. Many of its constituents are lying hidden in overhead costs. So it is really hard to apportion those elements to respective procedure, merchandise and distribution system. Largely such allotments are done on the footing of premises. In footings of scientific grounds of clime alteration, there is a sensible consensus on the deductions for India. The projected rainfall alterations, rise in temperature, rise in sea degree, inundations and drouths. This is traveling to do decrease in degree of production, deduction for the coastal support and last but non the least ingestion of a house clasp or an single can fall below some socially recognized norms. All this implies that clime alteration is likely to impact India ‘s economic growing through its impacts on resources, particularly H2O resources, woods and coastal lands. Agricultural end product and substructure are likely to be adversely affecte d and would impact the support of the people populating in vulnerable countries like coastal countries. Resources will necessitate to be invested in battling extra beginnings of menaces originating from specific catastrophe – related impacts such as those on wellness and imbibing H2O. 7. India has set up a National Council on Climate Change to advice on scheme for economic development that takes into history planetary heating and sustainable development. An inititive named as Green India to change over six million hectares of debauched wood land into green countries. Stairss have been taken to forestall thaw of the glacier. Another country of concern is Energy Security and the same has been identified by the state. Positive stairss has been taken to prosecute with others on an international degree to turn to this issue. 8. India has focused in the last decennary on the economic growing scheme of extenuation and version. Extenuation is considered to be really of import for sustainable development as it tries to cut down the load on natural resources by taking stairss like preservation, re-afforestation and energy efficiency. This besides focuses on cut downing the GHGs emanations. Adaptation on the other manus, implies steps and policy responses to cut down the possible impacts caused by clime alteration. Adaptation schemes are besides called as header schemes. Increasingly, impact assessment research for clime alteration has become orientated towards exposure appraisal, with a corresponding emphasis on version schemes in the underdeveloped universe. 9. The statistical information shows a changeless diminution in agricultural production in last few decennaries but due to self realisation as a state and after taking some initial stairss the records show an addition in agricultural production in the last decennary i.e. from 2001 – 2011 as compared to the old decennary. However the wellness section has been confronting extra emphasis due to lifting temperatures and altered H2O handiness which had deductions on the wellness position of the people. Another of import thing which has impacted the growing of the state is interstate animuss on sharing of resources – both financial and physical – such as H2O. It has resulted in switching the focal point of the govt from development to resolution of the internal security jobs therefore blowing the energies and resources. 10. Impact On India ‘s Bilateral Relations With Neighbouring Countries. The clime crisis in south Asia, a preponderantly agro – cultural part with a big population dependant on subsistence agribusiness has created profound challenges. The impact of clime alteration on H2O resources and nutrient bring forthing capableness is on an addition and it in bend affects the support and economic activities. Another of import set of societal impacts ensuing from clime alteration in south Asia is the supplanting of big figure of people to inland districts as a effect of rise in sea degree. ( a ) Bangldesh. India and Bangladesh portion the longest land boundary in south Asia. Given the societal, political and economic conditions in Bangladesh, it would non be hard to reason that migration to India is improbable to diminish therefore ensuing in an existent addition in population. However there is no information available to back up the fact as to how many migrators are due to climate alteration but there is no denying the fact that this alone is a major cause of such a big graduated table migration. Another job which has non been addressed by the stairss taken by Indian govt is that of trans boundary rivers. A survey carried out this topic shows no effects on these jobs by the stairss taken by the govt. ( B ) Mayanmar. With an addition in natural catastrophes and the impact of clime alteration, the figure of migrators from Myanmar into India has increased several-fold therefore doing extra jobs of security and drug trafficking. ( degree Celsius ) Pakistan. The major concern for Pakistan is the acute deficit of H2O and that has remained an issue of difference over last many old ages and has non got resolved by any steps taken by the govt. ( vitamin D ) Most of the neighbouring states either island provinces or land locked provinces have been a cause of illegal migration and therefore consequences in jobs like internal security, drug trafficking and an addition in population which is dependent on our state for its endurance. 11. Impact On Warfighting Capability. With the deficiency of consciousness about the topic and due to that depletion of natural resources clime alteration has posed a serious menace on the war contending capableness of the state. With the meltdown of glaciers i.e. of Himalayas and Siachin jobs like break of communicating, brassy inundations, decrease in the figure of house and degree dropping zones/ helipads and thaw of heavy weapon gun platforms asking frequent redisposition. This has impacted at all three degrees i.e. strategic, operational and tactical. ( a ) Strategic Level. We need to reappraise the candidacy season. ( B ) Operational Level. Increased temperatures cause rapid meltdown of glaciers, addition in H2O demand both for work forces and machines and increased wear and tear of the equipment. ( degree Celsius ) Tactical Level. At the tactical degree jobs like mobility, survivability, wellness, fire safeguards and misrepresentation would happen due to climate alteration therefore asking more resources to prolong the forces either logistically or in combat. 12. We have seen in this chapter that how the depletion of natural resources are going a hinderance in the way of economic development and more earnestly are a national security concern. However the same has non been able to acquire similar sort of attending by the govt and therefore the stairss taken by the govt have been found to be unequal and there is an pressing demand to take some austere actions both by the govt and the people to decide this issue. At the same clip non giving equal importance to EE is seeable in the awareness degree of the people on the topic and therefore the limited sense of duty as citizens of the state. Chapter VII – Recommendation AND CONCLUSION 1. We have seen in old chapters that absence of EE substructure in the formal instruction substructure is doing manyfold amendss i.e. ( a ) Lack of consciousness of the topic amongst the people of the state. ( B ) Depletion of natural resources. ( degree Celsius ) Adversely impacting the rate of economic growing index of the state. ( vitamin E ) Affecting the dealingss with neighbouring states. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Becoming national security concern. 2. Many stairss have been taken taken by the govt over last one decennary but few are in the nascent phase, few have died their ain decease and few have non been able to take off from the beginning. There are really few steps like â€Å" GO GREEN † and â€Å" GREEN INDIA † but they are found to be unequal. The basic job lies amongst the people that there is no Sense Of Responsibility and the primary cause is that there is no importance being given to EE by the govt. There are few universities and schools which have started with the classs on this topic but still it is happening its topographic point in the formal instruction substructure. 3. Along with presenting EE there are a big figure of stairss which are required to be taken at the degree of govt. These stairss if non taken at the same time and instantly would do the growing index to come below 8 % as depletion of natural resources and clime alteration would do natural catastrophes more often. This indirectly would do a immense punishment on the govt. in footings of resources i.e. money and equipment which could otherwise hold been channelized towards the economic development of the state. 4. Stairss Required To Be Taken By The Govt. ( a ) Formal Education System. It is required to present the topic of EE as portion of school course of study and do it a compulsory topic. The inauspicious affects of clime alteration on the growing index and national security are required to be taught to the kids at the really get downing. There after there is a demand to guarantee that kids feel responsible and they take the needed steps for forestalling the clime alteration. This manner the whole coevals would hold responsible citizens and would be able to back up the stairss taken by the govt. ( B ) Move Towards Low Carbon Growth Path. Surveies indicate that climate sensitiveness of agribusiness is increasing over clip. There is a demand to switch or travel to a low C growing way as per the planetary economic order. The govt. should be able to measure the harm being caused to a sector like agribusiness due to climate alteration and therefore do policies to provide for this. ( degree Celsius ) Adaptation Strategies. Adaptation schemes which are relevant in this context include enlargement of insurance screen to include climate hazards such as implosion therapy, cropping alterations and substructure. The economic rating of amendss and costs of policies to turn to clime concerns is an of import input for planing schemes for readiness for catastrophes, insurance strategies, be aftering for wellness, H2O and other infrastructural installations. Siting of industries, planning of substructure and location of wellness installations should let for hazards emanating from future clime alteration impacts. This would help the govt. and people to be better prepared for natural catastrophes and therefore would alleviate govt. of the emphasis ( monetory ) to rehabilitate people in instance of a natural catastrophe. ( vitamin D ) Improving Energy Efficiency. In a globalizing universe, with sustainable development as a nucleus end for the Indian economic system, schemes for bettering energy efficiency are a must. Improvements in energy efficiency are dependent on the handiness of advanced engineerings that improve energy efficiency. The root causes for increasing emanations prevarication in fossil fuel burning. Agriculture contributes less to GHGs. In India the highest emanation of CO2 is from thermic electricity, chiefly because of its dependance on coal. The acceptance of clean coal engineering is the option that is required to be considered. International support is required in turn toing how best the developed universe ( G8 ) can assist in acceptance of such engineering. ( vitamin E ) Education As A Core. All the stairss mentioned supra are non possible with a sound backup of surveies and analysis carried out on the topic. These analysis can merely be carried out by the alumnuss of EE therefore once more we realize the importance of formal debut of the topic. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Misc Steps. There are a figure of stairss which can be taken to maintain a cheque on the inclination of over development by the people. ( I ) Additional Stamp Duty On Diesel Cars. Govt. should set extra cast responsibility on enrollment of Diesel autos and should advance sale of vehicles with eco friendly fuel i.e. CNG. ( two ) One Family One Car. Govt. should set a prohibition on purchase of more than one auto by one household to advance the usage of public conveyance which in most of the tube metropoliss is running on eco friendly fuel. Decision 5. No programme can be success without instruction as instruction is what makes people cognizant of the demand for any activity and can bring forth much needed support for that activity. EE has been in trend since homo being holding been interacting with the universe around them and learning their kids to make the same. There are historical grounds for EE. People get basic environmental maps in order to turn nutrient, find H2O and protect themselves from the clime. We still need the cognition of environment to determine our scientific discipline and engineering and to perpetuate the modern universe. Almost all major natural resources of the universe in sedate danger of irreparable harm the lone hope of salving this sedate state of affairs is by doing the immature aware that they need to proactively get down to protect the environment they will inherit which can merely be done by EE. 6. Environmental instruction develops a basic cognition and apprehension of environmental procedures and the cause consequence of environmental jobs. Therefore environmental instruction is the key to sustainable development. Sustainable development is the development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands. Sustainable development is a form of resource usage that aims to run into human demands while continuing the environment so that these demands can be met non merely in the present, but in the indefinite hereafter. Sustainability is a procedure which tells of a development of all facets of human life impacting nutriment. Sustainable development ties together concern for the transporting capacity of natural systems with the societal challenges confronting humanity Sustainable development focuses on improvizing the quality of life for the Earth ‘s full citizen without increasing the usage of natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment to provide them indefinitely. 7. It requires an understanding and awareness among people for environmental jobs and preservation techniques. It has by and large been accepted that accomplishing sustainable development will necessitate reconciliation environmental, social, and economic considerations in the chase of development and an improved quality of life. Therefore the research is concluded in the favor of the hypothesis i.e. non giving equal importance to EE a phase has reached that it has started impacting the growing index adversely and as a state we are non prepared to confront the harm which may be caused due to climate alteration. Further deficiency of EE is ensuing in deficiency of consciousness on portion of the govt. every bit good as people of the state. . How to cite Environmental Concerns In India Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Construction Management Infrastructure Development

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Managementfor Infrastructure Development. Answer: Introduction The construction industry in Oman gradually increases with the infrastructure development only because of its equality and freedom of completion in the construction industry. According to Bakar et al. (2012), Omans water and power market have numerous complex projects and due to this reason, the construction sector of Oman will always remain robust. On the other hand, it can be predicted that the construction sector will play a decisive and pivotal role in transforming the economic condition of Oman in immense manner. This particular discourse will discuss the effectiveness of the present government legislations and strategies for delivering sustainable construction. This study will also explore the significant barriers that prevent the gradual progress of delivering sustainable construction in Oman. A SWOT analysis will be presented for evaluating the possibility of the construction industry of Oman to become a global leader in the sustainable construction sector. At the end of this essay, there will be few practical recommendations that Oman can draw from the experiences of the United Kingdom for improving the more sustainable way in future. Discussion Sustainable construction refers to the green construction as this kind of construction follow environment-friendly processes from making the design to the maintenance operation, construction operation, demolition, and renovation. As Oman can be considered as a country with an enhancing construction market, therefore, following the sustainable construction in strict manner may help to develop its sustainable construction industry, as it possesses the ability to promote the procedure of innovation and opportunities. Hong et al. (2015) have mentioned that in order to sustain in todays competitive business world, the innovation and opportunities are required for mitigating any kind of challenges within a particular industry. The Khazzan Project is an example of sustainable construction in Oman. The sustainable construction of this particular project involves the process of the entire construction operation, the environment, safety of the workers, entire management system and the process of the construction company in order to address the risk management on the site (Alkalbani et al. 2013). Even the sustainable construction of The Khazzan Project covers the investment of this particular construction in the local economies, addressing the grievances or concerns, which this project encounter and the development of the local capabilities. The objective of the project was no harm to people, no accidents and absolutely no damage to the environment. Alnuaimi and Mohsin (2013) have suggested that safety is the principle factor in the sustainable construction. The Khazzan Project concentrates on a strong workforce capability and safety culture. Over the past few decades, Sultanate of Oman experiences a rapid economic enhancement, which is closely interlinked with the flourishing of the sustainable construction industry (Ijaola and Iyagba 2012). This specific sector has observed the primary beneficiary with a blooming of several new infrastructure projects, which serve the rapid urban development. The government of Oman has understood the necessity of sustainable construction for future development of the country; therefore, the government incorporates new strategies and legislations. The sustainability progress strategy suggests the values should be at the heart of the sustainable construction industry. The technological strategy has helped to use the green equipments and materials, which are considered to be as vital factors for implementation of the sustainable construction practices. The major challenges of this particular strategy are the limited availability of the green materials in the local market of Oman (Islam and Khadem 2013). Even the uncertainties of the industry stakeholders and their performance have a large impact on the sustainable construction industry of Oman. However, because of the cost effectiveness, the technological strategies are followed by most of the construction company in Oman. The capacity strategy involves significant aspects, which hinders in the capacity of several stakeholders in order to collaborate towards a common objective that is the lack of well-defined practices in sustainable construction industry. Yafai et al. (2014) have referred that the construction industry of Oman is solely depends on the foreign workforce; therefore, the government should be improvised the existing laws and legislations in order to support the performance of foreign workers. Oman maintains various judicial bodies in order to adjudicate various disputes related to the construction industry. Omani Centre for Investment Promotions and Export Development (OCIPED) promotes the sustainable c onstruction for supporting a better environment in future. The government legislations promote the investments for exportation and the foreign investors in Oman. Omans Basic Law of the State also determines some important aspects of the construction industry of Oman (Abidin and Powmya 2014). The commercial court has own jurisdictions regarding the labour and taxes of the construction industry. All of these mentioned legislations and strategies adopted by the government of Oman and the other governmental bodies suggest improving its practice of delivering sustainable construction in future. The sustainable construction efforts in Oman are often unsuccessful because of numerous key barriers to the successful implementation (Lim et al. 2015). However, the business experts of the construction companies possess enough capabilities for identifying the obstacles and mitigate these barriers with appropriate incorporation strategies. The major barriers of the sustainable construction industry in Oman involve the financial barriers, political barriers, technical barriers, management barriers, knowledge barriers and the socio-cultural barriers. The financial barriers involve the fear of the higher investment costs, client worries in the profitability, lack of funds, fear of long payback period and the basic ignorance of the life cycle cost of the implementation of the sustainable construction. On the other hand, the lack of building codes of conducts on sustainability, lack of effective legislations and some lack of government commitment can be considered as essential political b arriers that mat influence the business operation of the sustainable construction industry in Oman. Abidin and Powmya (2014) have mentioned that although the government of Oman promotes an ethical code of conducts in the sustainable construction sector, still there are few lacks of its implication in the construction site. However, the sustainable construction industry of Oman also encounter with the management and leadership barriers and these engage the lack of market segmentation, lack of leadership, lack of aspiration and motivational values and beliefs of the managers. Saleh (2015) has determined that the delay in the decision-making process often hamper the activities in the sustainable construction. The leadership and the management of the sustainable construction industry play a major role in achieving a successful implementation of the innovative strategies, which are required for the further development of this particular sector in Oman. Without the constant innovative management, support, and the leadership capabilities, it is next to impossible for the construction companies of Oman to overcome any potential barriers that may influence the entire business operation. However, the concept of implementing the strategies to mitigate the challenges also may face several difficulties. The technic al barriers involve the identified lack of the environmentally sustainable materials, lack of tool and equipment of the sustainability, lack of readily available guidance, lack of chronic skills, labour shortage and technical abilities for the sustainable constructions. From the cases of sustainable constructions in Oman, it can be examined that the construction environment requires being fully acquainted with the principles of sustainable constructions for implementing its basic practices. It has been asserted that the designers of the sustainable construction industry need adequate motivations, technological supports for addressing the relevant issues like the designs of sustainable construction. On the other hand, the use of resources of green building products, for instance, the improved glazing systems has proved difficult for several sustainable construction projects in Oman. Al Mohsin (2012) has contradicted that the socio-cultural barriers are potential than the barriers men tioned above for sustainable construction industry. The construction industry of Oman operates its various activities in specific style, which is completely different from the other sustainable construction practices across the world. This particular sector of Oman presents as an essential sector that is traditionally difficult to transform especially with respect to the practices construction methods and the usage of the building materials. Often there is lack of demands of the sustainable products by the stakeholders and the clients. Knowledge barriers involve the actual lack of awareness of opportunities, misunderstanding and the ignorance of common perception regarding sustainability. In the various sustainable construction practices of Oman, there are certain evidences of the hindrance only because of the lack of information within the stakeholder group. According to Saleh (2015) it is important for the stakeholders of the sustainable construction companies to be aware of the s ustainable measures or any alternatives, which fall within their remit. On the other hand, the installation of the sustainable materials and technologies require an entirely new form of knowledge and competencies. In order to mitigate all of the mentioned barriers in the sustainable construction of Oman, the management and the government should be expert and require gathering essential experiences. The SWOT analysis of the construction industry of Oman can evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, as it possesses the capability to become the global leader in the sustainable construction. The strengths of the construction industry involve the high bargaining power suppliers, secure distribution channels, customer loyalty, technological skills, production quality, leading brands, good reputation and diversified portfolio. Even this particular sector has a large influence on the market and enhances the economic conditions (Chen et al. 2012). However, the weaknesses of the construction industry of Oman denote its poor structural inertia with high transaction costs. There is a weak concentration on the entire innovation process of this industry and it hardly focuses on the private sectors. The weaknesses also involve the absence of important skills and lower rates of customer retention. The opportunities of the construction industry of Oman involve its constant emerging new markets, gradual developments of modern technologies and the demand for safer equipment. On the other hand, the low bargaining power buyers can determine the threats to this industry and it is highly regulated industry. The construction products are very highly imitative. There are certain ethical pressures for mitigating challenges that are often faced by the construction companies in Oman. The fundamental prices of the raw materials fluctuate in great manner. As opined by Hosseini et al. (2014), the construction industry is usually made up with several characteristics with various opinions from the contractors, consultants and clients, who work together as an efficient team for ensuring a successful completion of the taken project. The government of Oman should embark on relevant and applicable policies and procedures, like the United Kingdom, which can provide a critical and appropriate support for making the sustainable construction feasible. The experiences of UK have selected Construction 2025 Industrial Strategy for further delivering of the sustainability environment. Even if Oman can overcome all of the indentified barriers then it will enable a suitable construction for the construction practitioners, which will benefit the society at large manner. In order to ensure a successful implementation of the sustainable construction following the experience of UK, the government of Oman should come up with some special code of conducts, standards related to the sustainable construction application and practices and legislations. The UK constructions companies arrange seminars, discussions, workshops and training sessions for the stakeholders in order to help them to understand the necessity of the sustainable construction in todays competitive business world, the government of Oman should follow the same (Bakar and Razak 2016). Conclusion As there is a large scope of benefit in the particular construction industry of Oman with the implication of sustainable design, suitable policies of the government, therefore, the business experts of the construction companies should follow the construction practices in effective manner. There are also requirements for the government of Oman to initiate some fiscal incentives for the employees of the sustainable construction organisation of the country. Even the suitable financial measurements can allow the sustainable housing construction for competing with the conventional construction on the predicted cost by the company. This process will help to generate a great demand and it will stimulate the fundamental scale of the economic conditions. It will eventually favour number of sustainable construction methods and technologies than the current one. The local government is required to understand the essential role that they can play in the entire planning process, which provides an ideal opportunity for promoting sustainable development in the construction industry of Oman. References Abidin, N.Z. and Powmya, A., 2014. Drivers for green construction in Oman and its future prospects.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,21(6), pp.929-935. 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Bakar, A.H.A. and Razak, A.A. eds., 2016.Construction Management in Perspective: Contemporary issues, ideas and Initiatives. Penerbit USM. Chen, C.S., Tsui, Y.K., Dzeng, R.J. and Wang, W.C., 2015. Application of project-based change management in construction: A case study.Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,21(1), pp.107-118. Hong, T., Koo, C., Kim, J., Lee, M. and Jeong, K., 2015. A review on sustainable construction management strategies for monitoring, diagnosing, and retrofitting the buildings dynamic energy performance: focused on the operation and maintenance phase.Applied Energy,155, pp.671-707. Hosseini, M.R., Chileshe, N., Zuo, J. and Baroudi, B., 2014. The status quo of innovations within the construction industry: A conceptual model.International Journal of Project Organisation and Management. Ijaola, I.A. and Iyagba, R.O., 2012. A comparative study of causes of change orders in public construction project in Oman.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,3(5), p.495. Islam, M.A. and Khadem, M.M.R.K., 2013. Productivity determinants in Oman construction industry.International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,12(4), pp.426-448. Lim, Y.S., Xia, B., Skitmore, M., Gray, J. and Bridge, A., 2015. Education for sustainability in construction management curricula.International Journal of Construction Management,15(4), pp.321-331. Powmya, A. and Abidin, N.Z., 2014. The challenges of green construction in Oman.International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology,5(1), pp.33-41. Saleh, M.S., 2015. Towards sustainable construction in Oman: Challenges Opportunities.Procedia Engineering,118, pp.177-184. Yafai, K.N., Hassan, J.S., Balubaid, S., Zin, R.M. and Hainin, M.R., 2014. Development of a risk assessment model for Oman Construction industry.Jurnal Teknologi,70(7).